The Giardini: Napoleon’s Garden, Now a Turf War Between Nations

A wander through the Venice Biennale’s Giardini, from a folded gold ribbon and a piano under a rippling ceiling to feathered figures in a colonnade, plus the 1907 story of how nations came to build permanent pavilions here.

Yesterday was the shipyard. Today was the gardens, the other half of the Biennale, and a completely different kind of looking. Fewer echoing industrial halls, more clipped hedges and small national pavilions elbowing each other for attention, each one a tiny embassy built just to show off its country’s artists. I went in with the same brief I have been carrying all week… movement without an obvious subject, and what happens to scale once you take the subject away entirely.

A glossy gold ribbon-like abstract sculpture inside a white pavilion interior
First pavilion, first ambush. Gold, twisted, and not explaining itself to anyone.

First pavilion in and a length of polished gold, folded like a ribbon left in the sun too long, took up an entire white room and gave nothing away about what it was actually meant to be. That is rather the point, I think. Nobody in there was reading a placard. Everybody was just standing, looking, working it out with their eyes instead of their reading glasses.

A darkened room, a piano, and a ceiling doing an impression of water. Open full size

One national pavilion had gone fully dark and turned itself into something between a chapel and a dream. A grand piano sat untouched under a ceiling rippling like the underside of a swimming pool, projected text drifting across the walls in a language I could not read fast enough to catch. No subject in the frame at all, and somehow the most movement I saw all day.

Life size canvas and feather figures with worn boots, arranged in a stone colonnade
Worn canvas, real feathers, borrowed boots. Nobody home, and somehow still a crowd.

Out in a colonnade, a huddle of life size figures made of stiff pale canvas and real feathers stood around like a crew waiting for a delayed flight, wings tucked, boots scuffed at the heel. No faces to speak of. All the personality was in the posture. I have spent this whole trip chasing gesture over likeness and here it was done better than I have managed in a month of trying.

A green, gold and red embroidered textile banner with sun and moon motifs
Sun, moon, and every colour the stone outside refuses to be.

The Giardini itself has its own history worth knowing before you write the pavilions off as garden follies. Napoleon had the whole area drained and laid out in 1807, a proper piece of imperial urban planning by the architect Giannantonio Selva. The first exhibition opened here in 1895 and pulled two hundred thousand visitors in its first year, three hundred thousand a few years later, numbers that talked the city into building permanent national pavilions from 1907 onward. Belgium built first. Britain followed in 1909, a stately neoclassical box the British Council has run since 1937. A hundred and thirty years on, the same patch of garden is still the closest thing the art world has to an Olympic village, minus the sport and plus rather a lot of wine at the openings.

A dark red exhibition space with glowing neon Cyrillic signage above small screens and old wooden pews
One pavilion went full theatre. Red light, old pews, and a sign I had to sound out letter by letter.

One exhibit had gone full theatre on me, a small dark room dressed in red with glowing signage over what looked like a church’s worth of borrowed pews, a trio of tiny screens flickering at the far end. I have no idea what the piece was actually called. I stood in the doorway for a full minute just enjoying being unsettled on purpose, which does not happen to me nearly enough at home.

A hand resting on an old brick wall with faded chalk graffiti hearts, in late afternoon light
Walking out. Old brick, someone else’s chalk hearts, my hand doing the thinking for once.

By late afternoon my feet had had enough opinions for one day and I trailed a hand along a brick wall on the way out, past somebody’s chalk hearts scratched into the mortar years ago and never washed off. Two Biennale days down, and I still have not opened the sketchbook once. That is not a complaint. Some weeks the job is looking, not drawing, and the tank is filling up nicely. More soon.

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